Big data challenges in overcoming China’s water and air pollution: relevant data and indicators

Abstract Big data are potentially useful for environmental management planning and actions that can be directed toward pollution control. China is using big approaches to help reduce its current levels of pollution. However, also needed better indicators, measurement technologies, reporting, adaptive enforcement. Based on continental-extent monitoring assessment programs in Europe the USA, we recommend three major programmatic changes China. (1) Establish long-term systemic human health objectives indicators. (2) Adopt national standard methods survey designs, sampling analytical protocols, statistical analyses, collaborative programs. (3) Provide a transparent process reporting correcting errors.